ONE YEAR FREE - Syria reborn from the ashes of 61-Year Baathist rule

years of single-party rule and a 13-year-long civil war. The turning point came on December 8, 2024, when opposition forces entered Damascus, prompting President Bashar al-Assad and senior officials to flee to Russia and dissolving a system that had held power since 1963.

From Graffiti to Revolution: The Path to Regime Change

The revolution's origins trace back to March 2011, when schoolchildren in Daraa scrawled anti-Assad graffiti on a wall, igniting nationwide protests. The armed uprising culminated in a decisive military offensive launched by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and allied factions in late November 2024. The operation rapidly advanced through Aleppo, Idlib, Hama, and Homs, triggering mass defections within the Syrian army before reaching the capital.

Formation of a New Government and Diplomatic Thaw

Following the regime's fall, opposition groups established a transitional administration, declaring Ahmad al-Sharaa as president. Major institutions of the old state were dissolved. Internationally, the new government engaged in a diplomatic push, resulting in Türkiye and other nations reopening embassies in Damascus. Significant sanctions relief followed, with the US and EU lifting key economic restrictions and the US suspending the Caesar Act.

Refugee Returns and Ongoing Security Challenges

A major development has been the voluntary return of hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees. Türkiye reported 550,000 returns, while Lebanon saw 378,000. However, challenges persist. The PKK/YPG-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) maintain control in parts of northeastern Syria and have banned anniversary celebrations in their areas. Furthermore, Israel has reportedly intensified airstrikes and expanded its territorial occupation beyond the Golan Heights over the past year.