Syria offers new agreement to SDF after military push, warns of tougher steps if rejected

The Syrian government has presented the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) with a new agreement, known as the January 18 Accord, after the previous March 10 deal broke down and a subsequent military operation pushed the group east of the Euphrates River. Security sources indicate that Damascus has warned the SDF that if this new set of terms is rejected, future military measures will be even more severe.

Key Terms of the January 18 Accord

The 14-point accord, while resembling the earlier agreement in some aspects, reflects the stronger position of the Syrian state following recent military gains. Key provisions include:

Individual integration of SDF fighters into the Syrian Defense and Interior Ministries, rather than unit-based incorporation.

A commitment by the SDF to prevent former regime loyalists from joining its ranks and to hand over lists of ex-regime officers in the region to the government.

The demilitarization of Ayn al-Arab (Kobani), with heavy weapons to be removed and local civilian security forces established under the Interior Ministry.

Continued operations against any SDF elements that do not comply, potentially through neighborhood-level military actions.

Internal Divisions Within the SDF

The SDF is reportedly facing internal discord over the agreement, with some factions resisting integration. The group is expected to attempt to persuade separatist elements or risk further fragmentation. Its acceptance of the clause regarding former regime officers is seen as an implicit acknowledgment of past collaboration with remnants of the Assad government.

Turkish Intelligence Role and Civilian Protection

According to sources, Turkey’s National Intelligence Organization (MIT) was actively involved during the operations to help ensure civilian safety, facilitate the evacuation of surrendering fighters and families, and protect critical infrastructure. Ankara maintained dialogue with the Syrian government, the US-led coalition, and regional states to coordinate on minimizing civilian harm and preventing the targeting of essential facilities.

Broader Implications for Northeastern Syria

The new agreement represents a decisive effort by Damascus to reassert sovereignty and dismantle autonomous structures in the northeast. Its implementation would significantly alter the power dynamics in the region, advance the integration of Kurdish-held areas into the state, and address long-standing Turkish security concerns regarding PKK-linked elements. However, the SDF’s compliance remains uncertain, and the threat of renewed conflict persists.