EU agrees landmark customs reform targeting online platforms

European Union negotiators have finalized an agreement on a comprehensive customs reform package that will overhaul the bloc’s trade framework for the first time since 1968, introducing significant new obligations for online platforms and establishing a centralized EU Customs Authority. The European Commission announced Friday that negotiators from the Commission, the Council, and the European Parliament struck the deal, which is designed to adapt customs procedures to rapidly evolving international trade patterns, particularly the exponential growth of e-commerce, while streamlining operations through a modern, data-driven system.

New Customs Authority and digital hub to centralize operations

At the heart of the reform is the creation of an EU Customs Authority to be headquartered in Lille, France, with operations scheduled to begin in 2027. The new body will coordinate customs practices across the bloc’s 27 member states, facilitate information sharing, strengthen uniform application of customs rules, and enhance efforts to detect and prevent customs fraud. It will also manage the EU Customs Data Hub, a unified digital platform allowing businesses to submit customs data once rather than navigating multiple national systems. The reform also strengthens the framework for trusted traders, granting highly compliant businesses simplified procedures and fewer checks while enabling authorities to focus on high-risk shipments.

E-commerce platforms face new duties and fees

To address the sharp rise in online imports, the package introduces a handling fee on imported goods to help cover rising administrative costs, including IT systems, staffing, and risk analysis. The fee is scheduled to take effect by November 1, 2026. Under the new rules, online platforms and sellers will be required to submit transaction data to the Customs Data Hub immediately upon sale, enabling authorities to act before goods reach the border. Platforms will be treated as importers and held responsible for customs duties and product safety compliance, with penalties for systematic violations. The new customs legislation is expected to enter into force 12 months after publication in the EU’s Official Journal.

Focus on surging low-value imports from China

The Commission reported that 5.9 billion low-value goods were shipped directly to EU consumers in 2025, with more than 90 percent originating from China. Currently, goods valued under €150 imported from non-member countries are exempt from customs duties. As an interim measure, EU countries had already agreed to impose a €3 customs charge on online orders below €150 from non-EU countries starting July 1, 2026, with the additional handling fee to follow in November. The reform has been closely watched by Türkiye, which maintains its own customs union with the EU and continues to negotiate its trade relationship with the bloc while balancing competition from Chinese e-commerce platforms that increasingly dominate cross-border online retail.