Europe considers stronger retaliation against Russian hybrid attacks

European governments are actively considering stronger retaliatory measures as suspected Russian hybrid attacks intensify across the continent, according to a Thursday report by Politico. Officials and diplomats from multiple European capitals revealed that potential responses now under discussion include joint offensive cyber operations targeting Russian military infrastructure, accelerated attribution processes for hybrid attacks, and unannounced NATO exercises along the alliance's eastern flank.

Recent Escalations and Official Responses

The policy debate follows a significant increase in alleged Russian activities, including airspace violations by drones in Poland and Romania, disruptions at Western European airports and military facilities, and the sabotage of a critical rail line connecting Warsaw and Kyiv. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk has characterized these actions as "state terrorism," while EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas warned of "extreme danger" to the bloc and called for a "strong response." According to think tank GLOBSEC, more than 110 sabotage attempts with links to Moscow were recorded across Europe between January and July.

Proposed Countermeasures and Institutional Changes

Several nations have begun implementing concrete measures, with Poland deploying 10,000 troops to protect critical infrastructure following the rail sabotage. Italy's Defense Minister Guido Crosetto criticized European "inertia" and published a comprehensive plan proposing a European Center for Countering Hybrid Warfare, a 1,500-strong cyber force, and specialized artificial intelligence units. Meanwhile, countries including Denmark, the Czech Republic, and the UK already conduct offensive cyber operations, while Germany and Romania are expanding legal authorities to counter drone threats.

Strategic Dilemmas and Future Direction

The discussion highlights the strategic challenge facing European nations, which must operate within rule-of-law constraints unlike their Russian counterparts. Former NATO spokesperson Oana Lungescu suggested that rapid public attribution of attacks and "no-notice" military exercises could demonstrate resolve without mirroring Russian tactics. Swedish Chief of Defense General Michael Claesson emphasized that Europe must avoid letting "fear of escalation" dictate policy, advocating for a firm stance against continuing hybrid threats.